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Nepal

Nepal

Nepal and Bharat enjoy excellent bilateral ties. Founded on the age-old connection of history, culture, tradition and religion, these relations are close, comprehensive and multidimensional and are pronounced more in political, social, cultural, religious and economic engagements with each other. To add up the formal flavour to such historic relations, the two countries established diplomatic relations on 17 June 1947. The unwavering commitment to the principles of peaceful coexistence, sovereign equality, and understanding of each other’s aspirations and sensitivities has been the firm foundation on which our bilateral relations have been growing further.

Nepal is one of Bharat’s largest and most prominent development partners. Nepal’s solemn desire to cultivate and foster the cordial and friendly ties with its neighbouring countries are reflected in its long-standing position of not allowing its territory to be misused by any elements inimical to Bharat and also expects same sort of reciprocity and assurances from her. The open border between the two countries remains a unique feature of our relations. Frontier without restriction has greatly facilitated the free movements of our people to each other’s territory and enhanced interactions.

 
 
Knowledge Creation and Sharing
• Govt of India provides around 3000 scholarships annually to Nepali nationals studying in Bharat and in Nepal, at all levels of education in a wide range of disciplines.
• On 26th January 2021, Sampark India-Nepal Alumni network was launched. It is a new initiative which seeks to bring Nepali alumni and students presently pursuing studies in Bharat together on a common platform to establish a vibrant alumni network. Sampark also focuses on sharing knowledge , skill and expertise of the alumni to contribute to the development of different sectors of Nepal. So far, more than 1500 Nepali alumni have registered on the Sampark Bharat-Nepal Alumni Network portal which is growing bigger day-by-day.
 
Capacity Building

Under ITEC (Indian Technical and Economic Cooperation) programme , professional training is offered annually to about 250 officials from Nepal at various technical institutes in Bharat. From 2007-08, more than 1700 ITEC alumni of Nepal have received trainings under ITEC programme of GoI.

Grants and Concessional Finance
• Bharat-Nepal Cooperation for developing modern infrastructure  in Nepal began in 1951 with construction of Gauchar Airport in Kathmandu (completed in 1954). 
• GoI provides substantial financial and technical assistance to Nepal for implementation of large development and infrastructure and connectivity projects, as well as small development projects/ high impact community development projects in key areas of education, health, irrigation, rural infrastructure, livelihood development, etc. all across the country. A series of cross-border connectivity project like rail links, roads, Integrated Check Posts are under implementation with GoI’s grant assistance.
 
• Despite COVID restrictions, work on the ongoing connectivity and developmental projects continued and showed considerable progress. In February 2021, 13 Terai road packages were completed under GOI assistance of INR 400 crores and handed over to Government of Nepal. Some of the High Impact Community Development Projects (HICDPs) inaugurated in Covid period include Fateh Bal Eye Hospital in Nepalgunj, Rapti Cold Storage Building in Lamahi Bazar and Rehabilitated Small Hydro Power Plant  in Jumla District. Bharat and Nepal have also expanded bilateral cooperation to include new initiatives in the areas of agriculture, railways and inland waterways connectivity. The ‘New Partnership in Agriculture’ was announced in April 2018, which focuses on collaborative projects in Agriculture, Education and R&D.
 
• Bharat is providing financial and technical assistance for construction of two broad gauge cross-border railway  links viz., Jaynagar-Bardibas and Jogbani-Biratnagar. Bharat and Nepal signed a Letter of Exchange (LoE) to the India-Nepal Rail Services Agreement (RSA), which enabled all authorized cargo train operators including private container trains operators to carry Nepal's container and other freight. In addition to that, GoI handed over 34.9 km long cross-border rail link connecting Jayanagar (in Bihar) to Kurtha (in Nepal) to Nepalese government and both countries also signed a MoU for conducting Final Location Survey of the proposed broad gauge line between Raxual and Kathmandu, both during October 2021. The signing of the Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) for starting passenger train services on the Jaynagar-Kurtha section took place during September 2021. Regarding inland waterway connectivity between Bharat and Nepal, discussions are underway for operationalisation of four multi-modal routes using inland waterways of Bharat. Recently, a MoU was signed between Bharat and Nepal on 1 February 2022 for the construction of a motorable bridge across the Mahakali River connecting Dharchula (Bharat) with Darchula (Nepal), under Indian grant assistance.
 
• Major initial projects (in 1950s) included Tribhuvan Rajmarg, East-West Highway (Mahendra Raj Marg), development of Tribhuvan University and some of its affiliates, Kathmandu water supply project, National Archives building, airports at Janakpur, Bhairawa and Biratnagar, construction of forestry institute in Hetauda, and various irrigation development, drinking water and hydro power projects. Until early seventies, roads, airports, irrigation, power and water supply projects were the major portfolios of Bharat's grant projects. Thereafter the projects further expanded to other priority sectors of Nepal like health, education, power, and irrigation and have brought general prosperity and technological and economic development.
 
• The development partnership took major leap in last 15 years, when several connectivity projects  have been undertaken. The most important landmark is nauguration of train operations on Jaynagar-Kurtha section of Jaynagar-Bardibas rail link in April 2022, which is the first ever cross-border broad-gauge rail project in Nepal.
 
• In energy sector, the cooperation that begun with Trishuli Hydropower Projects , Pokhara Hydropower projects, Kataiya Power house and Devigh at Hydro-eclectic project has further developed with commissioning of Motihari-Amlekhgunj Petroleum Pipeline (INR 324 cr.) in 2019, first cross-border petroleum product pipeline in the South Asia region. It has resulted in direct economic benefits to Nepali people (decrease of NR 2/ litre in price) as well as spared the roads from congestions.
 
• In the Health Sector, Nepal Bharat Maitri Emergency & Trauma Centre (INR 100 cr.) at Kathmandu (first trauma centre with AIIMS like specialized facilities), B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan (125.cr), construction of 5 storied OPD complex of Bir Hospital (INR 100 cr.), Kathmandu, are some major projects.
 
• In the education sector, Nepal Bharat Maitri Vidalaya, Pokhara (INR 125 cr.), construction of Manmohan Memorial polytechnic (INR 32 cr.), Tri-Chand College development, Projects in Tribhuvan University (establishment of library, Gandhi Bhawan, girls & boys hostel) are some of the major projects. Construction of Pashupati Dharamshala (INR 22 cr.) at Kathmandu, development of Patan Industrial Area, Lalitpur, installation of over 3000 shallow tube wells in Terrai region (INR 18.10 cr.), Construction of museum building at Lumbini (INR 5.9 cr.) are some other recent important projects. The recent projects include construction of Nepal Bharat Maitri Polytechnic, Hetauda (ongoing, INR 39.30 cr.).
• A major project underway is the construction of Nepal’s National Police Academy (NPA) (at tendered cost of INR 625.94 cr.).
 
• Apart from the above projects, HICDPs earlier known as Small Development Projects (SDPs) are another important portfolio of development partnership. HICDPs are short-gestation projects with a maximum financial out lay of NR 5.0 cr. (INR 3.0 cr.). These grass root projects have been implemented in the priority sectors of Government of Nepal such as hospitals, schools, colleges, drinking water facilities, sanitation & drainage system, rural electrification & hydro power plant, embankment and river training works etc. for creating adequate capacity building and construction of new infrastructure  and enhancing the quality of life and all-round development of people of Nepal. Since 2003, over 535 HICDPs have been taken up by Government of India including 476 HICDPs completed and 59 ongoing projects. The total cost of all projects is around INR 722 cr. (NR 1155 cr.). The projects are implemented through local authorities of Nepal Government.
 
• The Government of India is gifting ambulances  and school buses  every year to various institutions working in health and education sectors in Nepal. So far, Government of India has distributed 940 ambulances and 184 school buses in different parts of Nepal.
 
• Consignment of flood and landslide relief material was handed over in July 2022. For smooth conduction of election, 200 vehicles (120 vehicles for use of security agencies and 80 for use of election commission of Nepal) was handed over in November 2022 to Government of Nepal.
 
• Following the earthquake of April 2015, the Government of India committed USD 1 billion, comprising USD 250 million as a grant and USD 750 million as a Line of Credit, for post-earthquake reconstruction projects in Nepal.  
• USD 150 million (USD 100 million as a grant and USD 50 million from the 4th Line of Credit) was allocated to the housing sector  to support 50,000 housing beneficiaries in Gorkha and Nuwakot.
• As part of our COVID-19 assistance, Bharat had supplied more than 23 tonnes of medicines and medical equipment to Nepal on grant basis during the first wave of COVID-19. Bharat has recently resumed the supply of Covid-19 vaccine to Nepal.
 
• Till date, more than 9.5 million doses of these vaccines  have been sent to Nepal, both on grant and commercial basis. In order to assist Nepal to cope with the second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, a medical oxygen plant based on Bharat’s indigenous technology was installed at B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences in Dharan in August 2021. 
 
• This plant has a capacity to serve 200 patients simultaneously. The total COVID-19 assistance provided to Nepal is more than USD 7 Million. Bharat’s efforts to ensure uninterrupted supply of Medical Oxygen  to Nepal as well as in maintaining normal trade flows through border points even during the peak of the pandemic has been greatly appreciated in Nepal.
 
• A grant of USD 50 million is allocated for the reconstruction of 28 cultural heritage projects in 7 districts which are under various stages of implementation.
 
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